Obsidian

Classification：Igneous Rock

A naturally formed glass without crystal. Obsidian is usually rhyolitic structure, usually black or red color.

Obsidian (English Name: Obsidian) is a common black gem, volcanic crystal, also known as "Dragon Crystal", "ten stone", is a natural form of silica, usually black. Obsidian since ancient times have been used as amulets, charms.
Obsidian can be processed into craftwork. In addition, due to the characteristics of Obsidian with glass, broken broken shell section is shaped mouth, very sharp. Obsidian is one of the jewels of Buddhism making Buddhist beads and arts and crafts. In traditional Chinese folk custom, a variety of ornaments and ornaments are usually made of Obsidian combined with a wild animal to be worn and placed in the home for inviting money to ward off evil spirits and houses. Nowadays, most of the Obsidian jewelry is produced in the US and North America, and the national stone in Mexico is Obsidian. There are also Obsidian outputs in China, such as some parts of Tibet.

Formation process:
Obsidian is a natural glaze formed by the sudden cooling of lava from volcanic lava. It belongs to the amorphous gem and its main component is silicon dioxide (SiO2).
Obsidian usually occurs at the foot of a volcano near the coast.
Obsidian usually appears at the foot of the volcano near the coast (3 sheets).
During the process of formation, the temperature in the periphery of the lava stream drops rapidly and the speed of cooling is the fastest, so the silica containing magma quickly condenses into blocks, and Obsidian usually appears on the periphery of the lava flow or near the sea at the foot of the volcano. Because of its unique forming process, Obsidian also contains 0.1-0.2% of water.
Use:
Obsidian can be processed into craftwork. In addition, due to the characteristics of Obsidian with glass, broken broken shell section is shaped mouth, very sharp. The ancient stone age was used for cutting tools such as knives and arrows. Modern people used Obsidian to make surgical scalpel blades. When Obsidian is heated at temperatures above 1000 C, it will become white and granular and porous and porous due to the loss of moisture in the interior.

Classification:
Classified according to composition:

Obsidian
There are three kinds of Obsidian in the month, including full moon, Obsidian, crescent Obsidian and rainbow eye Obsidian.
The full moon eye Obsidian is the second only to the rainbow eye Obsidian in the month Obsidian. Excellent varieties, the whole color is pure, and the cat's eye is round.
The rainbow eye Obsidian is the best in the Obsidian. It is a natural formation of many color circles on the basis of the full moon cat's eye Obsidian, of which the ghost fairy red eye Obsidian, the ghost fairy blue eye Obsidian, the ghost fairy red and blue eyes Obsidian, more rare, are the top quality of the Obsidian, and are rare and more precious. Because most of them can appear dozens of colors, so the name is rainbow eye Obsidian.
Obsidian is not due to the growth of crescent formation of all the cat which appeared crescent Obsidian.
Wujin Obsidian
Wujin Obsidian Obsidian which is to gem grade Obsidian, because of the extremely delicate, so there is no cat eye effect. Color and bright black crow like bloodstone.

Classification by color:
Obsidian has many colors.
Purple Obsidian:Obsidian has the most color category, accounting for 20% of the total color ratio.
Green Obsidian: 25% of Obsidian color ratio.
Blue Obsidian: accounting for 20% of the color ratio is relatively rare.
Ghosts and blue eyes Obsidian, accounting for 0.026% of the color ratio is more rare.
Red Obsidian: 15% of the color ratio;
Ghost fairy red eye Obsidian, accounting for 0.025% of the color ratio is more rare.
Ghost dark eye Obsidian: the ratio of color 0.007% relatively rare;
Sand gold Obsidian: 13% of the color ratio;
The color of Obsidian is less than 1%, which is a rare Obsidian variety.

Cultural Legends:
Obsidian: alias, Apache tears. The legend of Indian, a team in an ambush, hopelessly outnumbered, The whole army was wiped out. The sad news came that the tears of the family, crying, fell to the ground, and turned into a small black stone, also called a jewel no longer crying, who had the Black Obsidian, and never cried, for the maiden of apachi had done all the tears for you and sent Obsidian to his favorite person. No more weeping, happiness and happiness.

Distribution of origin:
The distribution of Obsidian is mostly volcanic areas, such as the United States of Hawaii, Japan, Java in Indonesia, and the others in Iceland, Hungary, the Lipari islands in Italy, the former Soviet Union, Mexico, Ecuador and Guatemala, as well as Tibet in China.
The deep black eye Obsidian found in Arizona and New Mexico, Indians called "Apache tears".
Today, most of the Obsidian jewelry is produced in the US and North America, and it is United States of Mexico stone.

Identification methods:
1, the ordinary no rainbow eye Obsidian, that is, under the strong light, the beads are still black, and there is no other reflection. If the pendant passes through the light, the light is yellow and green.
Such Obsidian has the largest output, but the market value is the lowest, and usually takes large engraving pieces. There are few such counterfeit goods on the market, but there are also bad businesses using stained glass (the most common for this kind of small mythical wild ornaments, retail prices for a few to ten pieces) and inferior blackstones (usually large sculptures, characterized by a lot of gray spots / spots / bands in the light), and the two types of fake goods to non connoisseurs That resolution is very difficult, can be used to see whether the Yellow glare light green.

2, rainbow eye (light) Obsidian, that is to look at the strong light, or in the light of the sun, or the handset under the flashlight, slowly sloshing, can see green / Purple / yellow reflection, the rare quality surface will appear ghost fairy red eye Obsidian appear superficial red, ghost fairy blue eyes Obsidian surface light blue, ghost fairy red and blue eyes Obs The surface of Idian is more than red and blue, and its quality is very rare. A large number of stone can only pick a handful of this quality, so it is more difficult.