Sandstone

Classification：Sedimentary Rock

The gravel is consolidated and diagenetic, including feldspar, quartzite, glutenite and heteroclase sandstone. Sandstone is the most widely developed sedimentary rock. Quartz is the most abundant mineral in most sandstone.

Sandstone is a sedimentary rock which is mainly cemented by sand grains, and the content of sand grains is more than 50%. Most of the Sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar. Quartz and feldspar are the most common components of the earth's crust. The color of Sandstone can be any color, like sand, the most common are brown, yellow, red, gray and white. On earth, there are common cliffs formed by Sandstone.

Formation:
Sandstone is formed by clastic deposits, which are formed by biodeposition of coal, as well as by chemical deposits, such as gypsum and Jasper, which can be crystals of other rocks or minerals. These fragments can be cemented calcite, clay or siliceous soil, and the particle size of the debris is between 0.1 and 2 millimeters, if broken. If the chip diameter is too small, it will form schist or shale and form conglomerate or breccia.

Sandstone is also known as the sand rock, which is a sedimentary rock formed by the earth's crustal movement, sand and cementation (silica, calcium carbonate, clay, iron oxide, calcium sulphate, etc.) through a long period of great pressure compression.

The formation of SandstoneSandstone with iron oxide stripes is divided into two stages. First, the sand is deposited on a layer of layers, which may be caused by water or atmospheric transport; then, under the action of pressure, it is cemented from calcium carbonate or siliceous material leached above, and the elements containing iron, silicon, manganese and other elements will cause different Sandstone. Color. Due to the difference of sedimentary environment, all kinds of Sandstone have different joints, particle sizes, colors and properties. There are two main categories: continental deposits and marine deposits.

Except for biogenic structures, almost all structures can occur in Sandstone (sedimentary rocks). The interlayer structure and interlayer structure are the most obvious signs of the type and strength of the moving fluid in the sediment transport, for example, the interlaced bedding is one of the palaeo current signs, and the different types of grain order bedding is one of the symbols of the traction and turbidity flow.

Structure:
Except for biogenic structures, almost all structures can occur in Sandstone (sedimentary rocks). The interlayer structure and interlayer structure are the most obvious signs of the type and strength of the moving fluid in the sediment transport, for example, the interlaced bedding is one of the palaeo current signs, and the different types of grain order bedding is one of the symbols of the traction and turbidity flow.

Morphological character：
Sedimentary clastic rocks account for more than 50% of quartz and feldspar. Sandstone is the accumulation and formation of rocks in the source area after weathering, erosion and transportation in the basin. The rock is composed of two parts: debris and crumb. Besides quartz and feldspar, there are muscovite, heavy minerals and cuttings. Interstitial materials include two components: cement and debris. Common cementation is siliceous and carbonate cementation; hetero base components mainly refer to particles with finer clay or silty matter that are deposited at the same time. The composition and structure of interstitial products reflect the geological tectonic environment and physicochemical conditions of Sandstone formation. Sandstone can be divided into three categories: quartz Sandstone, feldspar Sandstone and debris Sandstone according to their depositional environment. Sand and Sandstone constitute the main reservoir of oil, natural gas and groundwater. Sand and Sandstone can be used as abrasives, glass raw materials and building materials. Some of the occurrence of sand and Sandstone rich in gold, diamond, zircon, ILMENITE PLACER, Jin Hongshi etc..

Classification:
Sandstone containing quartz
Sandstone is divided into large particle size Sandstone (2 - 1mm), coarse-grained Sandstone (1 - 0.5mm), medium grain Sandstone (0.5 - 0.25mm), fine Sandstone (0.25 - 0.125mm), microparticle Sandstone (0.125 - 0.0625mm), and the corresponding particle level should be more than 50% of the above Sandstone.
According to the types of rock (mineral), quartz Sandstone (quartz and various siliceous debris accounts for more than 95% of the total sand class debris) and quartz Sandstone and feldspar Sandstone (mainly quartz and feldspar, of which quartz and feldspar are less than 75%, feldspar more than 18.75%) and feldspar Sandstone and Sandstone (quartz content in detritus is below 75%, cuttings content is generally greater than 18.755, cuttings / feldspar ratio is greater than 3) and cuttings Sandstone.

Main types:
The main types of Sandstone are quartz Sandstone, feldspar Sandstone and debris Sandstone.
1) quartz Sandstone: quartz and siliceous cuttings accounted for more than 95% of sand grade detritus, with only a few or no feldspar, lithic and heavy minerals. The cementation is mostly siliceous, calcareous, iron and green stone, with medium fine grain, a few coarse grains, high roundness, good sorting, and often gray white color, mostly thick layered.
The detrital particles are mainly composed of single crystal quartz, and the degree of roundness and sorting are good, and the maturity and maturity are all the highest. Few heterobases and supported by particles. When the hetero group > 15% is called the quartz heterozygous Sandstone. Quartz Sandstone is mainly formed in a stable geotectonic environment, the terrain is quasi plain, and the parent rock is weathered for a long time. Most of the products of the denudation are formed by the strong wave and water turbulence and the slow erosion by repeated erosion under the ocean (such as the sea beach). It often coexisted with carbonate sediments, forming quartz Sandstone- marine carbonate construction, such as the upper Cambrian in the north part of Taipei.
2) feldspar Sandstone: Feldspar detritus content accounts for more than 25% of sand grade detritus. The quartz content of <75% can contain more mica and heavy minerals. Cementation is mainly composed of calcium and iron, often containing clay base. When heterobase >15%, it is a heterozygous Sandstone. It has coarse medium grain structure, poor roundness and poor sorting. The color depends on the color of feldspar and cement. Detrital particles are generally selected and with moderate roundness. Feldspar Sandstone often was yellow, green or grey color. Feldspar Sandstone can be divided into 3 types according to their forming conditions, namely, the construction of feldspar Sandstone, basal feldspar Sandstone and climate feldspar Sandstone. Feldspar Sandstone is generally a region with strong tectonic movement, the parent rock is granite or granite gneiss, the climate is dry and cold, the main physical weathering, under strong erosion and rapid accumulation conditions. Mostly, deposition, Haicheng less. Often accumulated in a mountain or a mountain basin. Many feldspar Sandstone have been found in the continental rift. There are feldspar Sandstone in Sinian system in Tangshan, Hebei, where feldspar can exceed 50%.
3) cuttings Sandstone: cuttings content accounts for more than 25% of sand grade detritus. The quartz content is <75%, and contains a small amount of feldspar (<10%). The heavy mineral content is high, and the species is complex. Cementation is often siliceous and carbonate, and often contains impurities. When the heterobase > 15%, it belongs to the clutter Sandstone. The degree of roundness and sorting of detritus particles is from middle to low. Most of the interstitial products are argillaceous matrix, with medium coarse texture, poor roundness and sorting. The color is dominated by deep tones.
A light gray, gray green to dark gray. The composition of cuttings is closely related to the properties of source rocks, and the rock types can be further classified according to the composition of cuttings. Cuttings Sandstone is a Sandstone with low maturity and structural maturity. It is mainly formed in the Piedmont or inter mountain depression with strong tectonic changes.
4) hybrid Sandstone: Sandstone with poor sorting and muddy sand mixing. Generally, the quartz is less, and most of the edges and corners. Feldspar and cuttings with different ratios often contain a small amount of mica. The feldspar is mainly plagioclase, with a variety of cuttings. The rich hetero group is the basic feature of hybrid Sandstone, and the smaller the particle is, the higher the content of hetero group is. Matrix components in chlorite, mica common. The formation conditions of the heterozygous Sandstone are similar to the feldspar Sandstone or the cuttings Sandstone, that is, rapid erosion, transport and deposition, but the heterozygous Sandstone can be formed under different climatic conditions. Typical miscellaneous Sandstone often accumulate in rapidly settling turbidite or flyback formation.

Ingredients:
The chemical composition of Sandstone varies greatly. It depends on the composition of debris and interstitial matter. The chemical composition of Sandstone is mainly SiO2 and Al2O3, and SiO2/Al2O3 ratio is a sign that distinguishes between mature and immature Sandstone.
Detrital quartz is the main mineral clastic of Sandstone. It is most stable under the surface condition and is the main component of most Sandstone. It is often used as a indicator of the parent rock. The content of feldspar in Sandstone is only inferior to that of quartz, and some of them are more than quartz. It is generally believed that the content of feldspar detritus is influenced by climate, the intensity of crustal movement and the properties of parent rocks. The cuttings are the direct marks of the parent rock. In Sandstone, most of them are volcanic debris or finer particles, relatively stable sedimentary cuttings and metamorphic cuttings.
Sandstone is a heavy mineral that weighs more than 2.87, and its content is usually less than 1%. According to the typomorphic characteristics of heavy minerals and the combination of heavy minerals (combined with light mineral assemblages), it is meaningful for the restoration of the type of the parent rock, the contrast of the strata, and the traceability of the land source.
The fillings include chemical cementation and clastic clutter. The dominant part of cementation is siliceous and carbonate. Siliceous cement is generally the overgrowth of quartz, chalcedony and opal as a rare. Calcite is more common in carbonate cements, and dolomite and siderite are rare. Siliceous cements are more common in the older Sandstone, while carbonate cements are more common in Mesozoic and later younger Sandstone. It is generally believed that this is due to the different stability of these two cements or the easy dissolution of carbonate cements.

Characteristic：
Sandstone, sound insulation, moisture absorption, anti breakage, outdoor weathering, water does not melt, not long moss, easy to clean up.

Superiority:
From the decorative point of view, Sandstone is simple and generous, rough and natural; the pattern changes peculiar, like the tree ring, wood pattern and landscape painting in nature; it is very elegant, warm, and noble atmosphere, and can give people the feeling of returning to nature and close to the mountains; with good compression and wear resistance, it is a wall. Good varieties of surface, ground decoration and special-shaped materials.

In terms of environmental protection, Sandstone is a matte stone. It will not cause light pollution caused by light reflection, but also a natural anti-skid material. Marble and granite are smooth stones. Only by means of light can they show the decorative effect and produce light loss easily.

Sandstone has the characteristics of sound absorption, moisture absorption, fire protection, and sub light, because of its large inner space structure. It is very ideal for the variety to be decorated in public places, such as theater, gymnasium, hotel, and so on.

Sandstone is zero radioactive stone, which is harmless to human body. Marble and granite have trace radioactivity, which will exert subtle influence on human life in the long run. In our country, the limit of radioactive nuclide (GB6165 - 2001) clearly stipulates that the radioactivity of Sandstone is not included in the range of radioactivity test. This is a conclusion based on the annual monitoring and a large number of random checks made when the standard is compiled. In fact, as a stone based on Si O and A1 O, it itself is an environmentally friendly, green and safe building material.

From the aspect of durability, Sandstone outdoor is not weathered, water does not melt, moss is not long, and it will not change color. Many one hundred or two hundred years ago by Sandstone built so far, her style is still [1].

Use:
Building built in Sandstone in India

Sandstone is the most widely used stone for human beings. Its noble and elegant temperament and natural and environmental characteristics make many wonderful flowers in the history of architecture. Hundreds of years ago, the Royal Palace, The United States Capitol, the Harvard University, the Notre Dame de Paris, and the Notre Dame de Paris, decorated in the palace of Louvre, are still still in the [2].
Since 2000, Sandstone has been widely used in commercial and family decorations as a natural building material that has been pursued by fashion and natural architects. At present (2009), the world has been exploited and used by Australia Sandstone, India Sandstone, Spain Sandstone, China Sandstone and so on. Among them, the most popular color and pattern is Australian Sandstone. Australia Sandstone is a kind of ecological environmental protection stone, its products have no pollution, no radiation, no reflection, no weathering, discoloration, heat absorption, heat preservation, skidproof and so on.
The products include Sandstone sculptures, embossed frescoes, carved flower plates, artistic flowerpots, sculptural fountain, style fireplace, Rome columns, door and window sets, lines, frames, lights, splages, beams, beam, home ornaments, environment sculptures, architectural detail, garden sculptures, sculpture, sculpture, celebrity sculpture, European style components, and S AndStone plate, hollow column, hollow board, plastic flower rockery, landscape sculpture (decorative sculpture, sculpture and other features). All products can be coloured, painted, polished, dark and gold in accordance with the requirements, and can be treated by technology to make the surface of the work rough, delicate, crack, natural crevice and so on. The main production colors are yellow Sandstone, white Sandstone and red Sandstone. It is made by hand, wearable, durable and beautiful. The product is made entirely of inorganic materials, and belongs to the green environmental protection product.